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Grete Sultan (born Johanna Margarete Sultan) (June 21, 1906June 26, 2005) was a German-American pianist. Born in Berlin into a musical Jewish〔http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/03/arts/music/grete-sultan-99-a-pianist-and-mentor-to-cage-is-dead.html〕 family, she studied piano from an early age with American pianist Richard Buhlig, and later with Leonid Kreutzer and Edwin Fischer. In 1933, after the National Socialists came to power in Germany, she was, as all Jews were, banned from playing in public and could only appear in concerts of the "Jüdischer Kulturbund" (Jewish Culture Association). With Buhlig's help, Sultan fled Germany in 1941 via Lisbon, from where she emigrated to the United States by ship. She settled in New York City and took up piano teaching, first at Vassar College and the 92nd Street Y, then at the Masters School in Dobbs Ferry, New York. In the mid-1940s she met the composer John Cage and became good friends with him,〔Revill, 41.〕 and it was through Sultan that Cage met one of her students, Christian Wolff, who gave Cage his first copy of the ''I Ching''—a book that shaped Cage's composition methods during the subsequent decades. Cage dedicated two pieces to Sultan. The first was part of his ''Music for Piano'' series, ''Music for Piano 53–68''.〔Revill, 185.〕 In 1974, when Sultan was in the process of learning Cage's ''Music of Changes'', the composer offered to write some new music for her, and the result was a monumental piano cycle, ''Etudes Australes''.〔Kostelanets 2003, 91.〕 Sultan made the premiere recording of the work and played it in concerts worldwide. She also performed the music of Alan Hovhaness and Tui St. George Tucker, but contemporary composers were not the only ones that interested her: in the 1940s she helped popularize Bach's ''Goldberg Variations'', and her concert programs included music from Beethoven, Chopin, and Schubert to Stravinsky, Earle Brown and Morton Feldman. Grete Sultan gave her last recital in 1996, aged 90, at New York's Merkin Concert Hall, performing Bach's ''Goldberg Variations''. She died in a Manhattan hospital five days after her 99th birthday. In spring 2012, Schott Music, Germany, published the first biography on Grete Sultan, titled "Rebellische Pianistin. Das Leben der Grete Sultan zwischen Berlin und New York", written by Hamburg-based author Moritz von Bredow. ==Discography== * John Cage: Etudes Australes * "Grete Sultan - The Legacy, Vol. 1": Bach (''Goldberg-Variations''), Debussy, Schoenberg and Cage * "Grete Sultan - The Legacy, Vol. 2": Beethoven (''Diabelli Variations''), Copland, Wolpe, Hovhaness, Cage u.a. * Grete Sultan - Piano Seasons (1-Bach; 2-Beethoven; 3-Schubert/Schumann; 4-Schönberg/Copland/Weber/Wolpe/Hovhaness/Cage/Ichiyanagi) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grete Sultan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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